Africa

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Energy Efficiency: Heat, Steam
Recycled Energy Development : Proposals, Technologies

About Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30,221,532 km² (11,668,545 sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area, and 20.4% of the total land area. With more than 900,000,000 people (as of 2005) in 61 territories, it accounts for about 14% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. There are 46 countries including Madagascar, and 53 including all the island groups.

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Africa, particularly central eastern Africa, is widely regarded within the scientific community to be the origin of humans and the Hominidae tree (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their possible ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to around seven million years ago – including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster – with the earliest Homo sapiens (human) found in Ethiopia being dated to ca. 200,000 years ago, according to this view.

Africa straddles the equator and encompasses numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones. Because of the lack of natural regular precipitation and irrigation as well as glaciers or mountain aquifer systems, there is no natural moderating effect on the climate except near the coasts."

  1. Mentioned In 12 Articles

  2. [aaas Affairs] Presidential Address: Challenges and Prospects of Advancing Science and Technology in Africa: The Case of Rwanda

    Science/AAAS (Oct 23 2008) Proposals , Technologies Explore Article

    Author: Paul Kagame Challenges and Prospects of Advancing Science and Technology in Africa: The Case of Rwanda Paul Kagame, President of the Republic of Rwanda Figure 1 CREDIT: TIMOTHY A. CL... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Paul Kagame   academia   Africa

  3. [books Et Al.] Film: Agriculture: The Value of Women

    Science/AAAS (Oct 16 2008) Proposals , Technologies Explore Article

    ...bout a grassroots agricultural project in a Togo village, offers a hopeful vision of development in Africa.Author: Caroline Ash (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Africa

  4. Meeting of Research Leaders Spotlights African Development, Disaster Planning

    Science/AAAS (Oct 9 2008) Proposals , Technologies Explore Article

    ...ng capital, Maputo, in part to advance its strategy of expanding activities and boosting science in Africa.Author: Robert Koenig (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Mozambique   Africa

  5. Attenuated rabies virus with nucleoprotein mutation at the phosphorylation site for vaccination against rabies and gene therapy in the CNS

    Patent Full (Sep 2 2008) Proposals , Technologies Explore Article

    ...997; Rupprecht et al., 1995; Smith et al., 1995). Dogs remain the most important reservoir in Asia, Africa, and Latin America where most human rabies cases occur (Fu, 1997). In countries wheredog rabies is ... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Thailand   Honda   Nature

  6. Protection built to scale--fish scale, that is

    web.mit.edu (Jul 27 2008) Explore Article

    ...e family tree can be traced back 96 million years and who still inhabits muddy, freshwater pools in Africa. Unlike the vast majority of fish today, P. senegalus sports a full-body armored "suit" that most f... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Africa   Department of Mechanical Engineering

  7. Everything new under the sun

    web.mit.edu (May 29 2008) Heat , Steam , Proposals , Technologies Explore Article

    ...n deployment both in developed countries -- the US, Europe and Japan -- and in poorer countries, in Africa, South America, and Asia, that get a lot of sunlight." The committee will have an outside advisory ... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Africa   John Deutch   Japan

  8. What role for America? MIT students weigh in

    web.mit.edu (May 29 2008) Explore Article

    ...g and solving global problems. Essay titles include "Consider the Nexus of Law and Food Security in Africa" by Raja H.R. Bobbili, a senior in electrical engineering and computer science; "Build Schools to I... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   China   America   Africa

  9. Recombinant yellow fever virus and method of use thereof

    Patent Full (Jul 8 2003) Explore Article

    ...A. Nasidi. 1993. Should yellow fever vaccine be included in the expanded program of immunization in Africa? Acost-effectiveness analysis for Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 48:274-299. 36. Monath, T. P. 1990. F... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Sigma   Africa   GenBank

  10. Recombinant mycobacteria

    Patent Full (Apr 16 2002) Explore Article

    ...rosy, malaria, tuberculosis, and poliomyelitis, among others, have a high incidence among adults in Africa, Asia and Latin America and are the causes of thousands of deaths annually.Much effort has been exp... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Nature   Sigma   Africa

  11. Recombinant mycobacterial vaccine

    Patent Full (Aug 7 2001) Explore Article

    ...rosy, malaria, tuberculosis, and poliomyelitis, among others, have a high incidence among adults in Africa, Asia and Latin America and are the causes of thousands of deaths annually.Much effort has been exp... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Nature   Sigma   Africa

  12. Mycobacteriophages and uses thereof

    Patent Full (Oct 19 1999) Explore Article

    ...rosy, malaria, tuberculosis, and poliomyelitis, among others, have a high incidence among adults in Africa, Asia and Latin America and are the causes of thousands of deaths annually.Much effort has been exp... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Nature   Sigma   Africa

  13. Immunizing compositions comprising Vibrio cholerae expressing heterologous antigens

    Patent Full (May 5 1998) Proposals , Technologies Explore Article

    ...several decades, cholera has been considered to occur primarily in developing countries of Asia and Africa, but rec The field of the invention is genetically engineered live bacterial cell vaccine strains.B... (Read Full Article)

    Comment on Article Mentions:   Africa   New Haven   Cleveland

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